Higher-denomination machines return a higher percentage of wagers to bettors than do lower-denomination machines. As for your other questions, there is a variety of reasons players choose low-denomination games - especially pennies, nowadays - instead of the higher-paying dollar-and-up machines.
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Remember the movie National Lampoon’s Vegas Vacation, when gambling fever consumes Chevy Chase’s character, Clark W. Griswold? He goes on a losing streak to beat all losing streaks while his son, Rusty, wins four cars by playing the slot machines. Maybe Clark would have done better if he had read Probability For Dummies! In this article, you discover the basic ideas behind slot machines and how they work, so that you can get past the myths and develop a strategy based on sound probability.
Understanding average payout
When casinos advertise that their slot machines pay out an average of 90 percent, the fine print they don’t want you to read says that you lose 10 cents from each dollar you put into the machines in the long term. (In probability terms, this advertisement means that your expected winnings are minus 10 cents on every dollar you spend every time the money goes through the machines.)
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Suppose you start with $100 and bet a dollar at a time, for example. After inserting all $100 into the slot, 100 pulls later you’ll end up on average with $90, because you lose 10 percent of your money. If you run the $90 back through the machine, you’ll end up with 90 percent of it back, which is 0.90 x 90 = $81. If you run that amount through in 81 pulls, you’ll have $72.90 afterward (0.90 x 81 = 72.90). If you keep going for 44 rounds, on average, the money will be gone, unless you have the luck of Rusty Griswold!
How many pulls on the machine does your $100 give you at this rate? Each time you have less money to run through the machine, so you have fewer pulls left. If you insert $1 at a time, you can expect 972 total pulls in the long term with these average payouts (that’s the total pulls in 44 rounds). But keep in mind that casinos are designing slot machines to go faster and faster between spins. Some are even doing away with the handles and tokens by using digital readouts on gaming cards that you put into the machines. The faster machines can play up to 25 spins per hour, and 972 spins divided by 25 spins per minute is 38.88 minutes. You don’t have a very long time to enjoy your $100 before it’s gone!
The worst part? Casinos often advertise that their “average payouts” are even as high as 95 percent. But beware: That number applies only to certain machines, and the casinos don’t rush to tell you which ones. You really need to read or ask about the fine print before playing. You can also try to check the information on the machine to see if it lists its payouts. (Don’t expect this information to be front and center.)
Implementing a simple strategy for slots
Advice varies regarding whether you should play nickel, quarter, or dollar slot machines and whether you should max out the number of coins you bet or not (you usually get to choose between one and five coins to bet on a standard slot machine). In this section, you’ll find a few tips for getting the most bang for your buck (or nickel) when playing slot machines.
Basically, when it comes to slot machines, strategy boils down to this: Know the rules, your probability of winning, and the expected payouts; dispel any myths; and quit while you’re ahead. If you win $100, cash out $50 and play with the rest, for example. After you lose a certain amount (determined by you in advance), don’t hesitate to quit. Go to the all-you-can-eat buffet and try your luck with the casino food; odds are it’s pretty good!
Choosing among nickel, quarter, and dollar machines
The machines that have the higher denominations usually give the best payouts. So, between the nickel and quarter slots, for example, the quarter slots generally give better payouts. However, you run the risk of getting in way over your head in a hurry, so don’t bet more than you can afford to lose. The bottom line: Always choose a level that you have fun playing at and that allows you to play for your full set time limit.
Deciding how many coins to play at a time
When deciding on the number of coins you should play per spin, keep in mind that more is sometimes better. If the slot machine gives you more than two times the payout when you put in two times the number of coins, for example, you should max it out instead of playing single coins because you increase your chances of winning a bigger pot, and the expected value is higher. If the machine just gives you k times the payout for k coins, it doesn’t matter if you use the maximum number of coins. You may as well play one at a time until you can make some money and leave so your money lasts a little longer.
For example, say a quarter machine pays 10 credits for the outcome 777 when you play only a single quarter, but if you play two quarters, it gives you 25 credits for the same outcome. And if you play the maximum number of quarters (say, four), a 777 results in 1,000 credits. You can see that playing four quarters at a time gives you a better chance of winning a bigger pot in the long run (if you win, that is) compared to playing a single quarter at a time for four consecutive tries.
The latest slot machine sweeping the nation is the so-called “penny slot machine.” Although it professes to require only a penny for a spin, you get this rate only if you want to bet one penny at a time. The machines entice you to bet way more than one penny at a time; in fact, on some machines, you can bet more than 1,000 coins (called lines) on each spin — $10 a shot here, folks. Because these machines take any denomination of paper bill, as well as credit cards, your money can go faster on penny machines than on dollar machines because you can quickly lose track of your spendings. Pinching pennies may not be worth it after all!
For instance if I were progamming craps I would use something like
firstdie = FLOOR(6*randomnumber()+1);
seconddie = FLOOR(6*randomnumber()+1);
thisroll=firstdie+seconddie;
Techncally this isn't perfect as there are 2^32 (or 2^64 etc.) possible random numbers and that isn't exactly divisible by 6, so some die rolls are very slightly more likely than others. But for practical reasons it isn't worth worrying about.
It would be upto the program to determine how to vary the odds, for instance by paying less for a feature for a lower House Edge or, where applicable e.g. UK pubs, adding compensating logic to prevent multiple large wins.
I believe there are rules in some places that the RNG has to be called continuously, presumably as a background task, so the result for when the spin happens cannot be easily guessed.
I've read often here that each reel in the slot is controlled by random generation. My question is, is it the same random generator regardless of the denomination selected, or are there different generators set with different odds for each available denomination?
Your real question is can the odds of each symbol appearing be different for different denominations. In theory they can. In practice, I don't know if it's common for different denominations to have different reel mappings.
One machine I play has betting levels of 45, 90 and 135. At 45 coins, only certain symbols win. Line up three gold 7s betting minimum and you get nothing. Same results with a max bet wins . So the payout for max coins is much better than minimum, even though it's all controlled by a single generator.
I've read often here that each reel in the slot is controlled by random generation. My question is, is it the same random generator regardless of the denomination selected, or are there different generators set with different odds for each available denomination?
Yes it is.
Your real question is can the odds of each symbol appearing be different for different denominations. In theory they can. In practice, I don't know if it's common for different denominations to have different reel mappings.
Many machines have different reel strips depeding on the wager. It is very common.
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Many machines have different reel strips depeding on the wager. It is very common.
I'm asking rather than researching because you might immediately know the answer, and if you do, thank you in advance!
Isn't there something in Nevada law that states that there is a maximum permitted difference in return percentage, on a specific machine, when switching from one bet/denomination to the other? I seem to remember reading something to that effect, but don't specifically recall it.
I'm asking rather than researching because you might immediately know the answer, and if you do, thank you in advance!
Isn't there something in Nevada law that states that there is a maximum permitted difference in return percentage, on a specific machine, when switching from one bet/denomination to the other? I seem to remember reading something to that effect, but don't specifically recall it.
I don't know of a rule specifically against it but the Gaming Enforcement requires casinos to handle the audit and reporting differently if the spread is over 4%.
Slot Performance – Additional Records for Multi-Game and/or Multi-Denomination Slot
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Machines and 4% Spread Paytable Slot Machines that Communicate Coin-in Amount by Paytable
to a TS3 OSMS
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106.The TS3 OSMS reads and records the coin-in amount by paytable and as needed by wager type for 4% spread paytables.The TS3 OSMS is utilized to complete and document the results of the following procedures (including the theoretical
hold percentage reflected in the slot analysis report) for those slot machines connected and communicating to the TS3
OSMS:
a. Weekly record the total coin-in meter by slot machine.
b. Quarterly record the coin-in meters for each paytable, the coin-in meter for each paytable by denomination when the
paytable has a different theoretical hold percentage for each denomination and the coin-in meters for each wager
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type for 4% spread paytables.Slot Machines Tips
I don't know of a rule specifically against it but the Gaming Enforcement requires casinos to handle the audit and reporting differently if the spread is over 4%.
Slot Performance – Additional Records for Multi-Game and/or Multi-Denomination Slot
Machines and 4% Spread Paytable Slot Machines that Communicate Coin-in Amount by Paytable
to a TS3 OSMS
106.The TS3 OSMS reads and records the coin-in amount by paytable and as needed by wager type for 4% spread paytables.
The TS3 OSMS is utilized to complete and document the results of the following procedures (including the theoretical
hold percentage reflected in the slot analysis report) for those slot machines connected and communicating to the TS3
OSMS:
a. Weekly record the total coin-in meter by slot machine.
b. Quarterly record the coin-in meters for each paytable, the coin-in meter for each paytable by denomination when the
paytable has a different theoretical hold percentage for each denomination and the coin-in meters for each wager
type for 4% spread paytables.
Thanks! That must have been what was referenced, but I misunderstood the implications of it.